Southwest Airlines Professional Communications Certification Practice Exam

What method involves using general principles to make specific predictions or hypotheses?

1. Inductive reasoning

2. Deductive reasoning

3. Analytical reasoning

4. Synthetic reasoning

The correct answer is: Deductive reasoning

The method that involves using general principles to make specific predictions or hypotheses is deductive reasoning. In deductive reasoning, you start with a general statement or hypothesis and apply it to specific instances in order to derive a specific conclusion. This logical process ensures that if the general principles are true, the conclusions drawn from them should also be true. For example, if you have a general principle that all birds have wings, and you encounter a sparrow, you can deduce that the sparrow has wings based on that principle. This process of deriving specific conclusions from general principles is essential in critical thinking and problem-solving. In contrast, inductive reasoning works the opposite way, as it involves drawing general conclusions based on specific observations. Analytical reasoning focuses on breaking down complex information into smaller parts for better understanding, while synthetic reasoning combines different pieces of information to form a new understanding or holistic view. Each of these methods has its unique applications, but deductive reasoning is specifically characterized by its top-down approach of applying general rules to specific cases.